Artist Signatures - Common Prefixes and Suffixes

The following are some common, and less than common, prefixes and suffixes that may accompany an artist's signature. 

 Derived from Japanese Art Signatures: A Handbook and Practical Guide, James Self and Nobuko Hirose, Floating World Editions, 2011, p. 126-127.

Note: The simplifed version 応 of the first character 應 in the prefix ōju is often used in transcriptions.

Copied from the website of J. Noel Chiappa http://mercury.lcs.mit.edu/~jnc/prints/names.html

The Hotei Encyclopedia of Japanese Woodblock Prints, Amy Reigle Newland, Hotei Publishing Company, 2005, p. 539.

A Guide to Japanese Prints and Their Subject Matter, Basil Stewart, Dover Publications, Inc., 1979, p. 367.